A simple music player that illustrates how to make a multimedia application
+that manages media playback from a service. It allows the user to play music
+available on the device or specify a URL from which the media should be
+streamed. It also illustrates how to use the notification system to indicate
+an ongoing task and how to deal with audio focus changes.
+
+
+
diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/default.properties b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/default.properties
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2e8061f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/default.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by Android Tools.
+# Do not modify this file -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE ERASED!
+#
+# This file must be checked in Version Control Systems.
+#
+# To customize properties used by the Ant build system use,
+# "build.properties", and override values to adapt the script to your
+# project structure.
+
+# Project target.
+target=android-8
diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi-v9/ic_stat_playing.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi-v9/ic_stat_playing.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/eject.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/eject.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/eject_pressed.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/eject_pressed.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/ff.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/ff.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/ff_pressed.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/ff_pressed.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/ic_launcher.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/ic_launcher.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/pause.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/pause.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/pause_pressed.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/pause_pressed.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/play.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/play.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/rew.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/rew.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/rew_pressed.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/rew_pressed.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_eject.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_eject.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_ff.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_ff.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_pause.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_pause.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_play.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_play.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_rew.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_rew.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_stop.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/selector_stop.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/stop.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/stop.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/stop_pressed.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-hdpi/stop_pressed.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-ldpi-v9/ic_stat_playing.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-ldpi-v9/ic_stat_playing.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-ldpi/ic_launcher.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-ldpi/ic_launcher.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi-v9/ic_stat_playing.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi-v9/ic_stat_playing.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/eject.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/eject.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/ff.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/ff.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/ic_launcher.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/ic_launcher.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/play.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/play.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_eject.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_eject.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_ff.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_ff.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_pause.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_pause.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_play.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_play.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_rew.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_rew.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_stop.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/selector_stop.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/stop_pressed.png b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/drawable-mdpi/stop_pressed.png
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/layout-land/main.xml b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/res/layout-land/main.xml
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diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/AudioFocusHelper.java b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/AudioFocusHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b8b54abc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/AudioFocusHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.example.android.musicplayer;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.media.AudioManager;
+
+/**
+ * Convenience class to deal with audio focus. This class deals with everything related to audio
+ * focus: it can request and abandon focus, and will intercept focus change events and deliver
+ * them to a MusicFocusable interface (which, in our case, is implemented by {@link MusicService}).
+ *
+ * This class can only be used on SDK level 8 and above, since it uses API features that are not
+ * available on previous SDK's.
+ */
+public class AudioFocusHelper implements AudioManager.OnAudioFocusChangeListener {
+ AudioManager mAM;
+ MusicFocusable mFocusable;
+
+ public AudioFocusHelper(Context ctx, MusicFocusable focusable) {
+ mAM = (AudioManager) ctx.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE);
+ mFocusable = focusable;
+ }
+
+ /** Requests audio focus. Returns whether request was successful or not. */
+ public boolean requestFocus() {
+ return AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_GRANTED ==
+ mAM.requestAudioFocus(this, AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN);
+ }
+
+ /** Abandons audio focus. Returns whether request was successful or not. */
+ public boolean abandonFocus() {
+ return AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_GRANTED == mAM.abandonAudioFocus(this);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Called by AudioManager on audio focus changes. We implement this by calling our
+ * MusicFocusable appropriately to relay the message.
+ */
+ @Override
+ public void onAudioFocusChange(int focusChange) {
+ if (mFocusable == null) return;
+ switch (focusChange) {
+ case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN:
+ mFocusable.onGainedAudioFocus();
+ break;
+ case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS:
+ case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT:
+ mFocusable.onLostAudioFocus(false);
+ break;
+ case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT_CAN_DUCK:
+ mFocusable.onLostAudioFocus(true);
+ break;
+ default:
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MainActivity.java b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MainActivity.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4974a218e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MainActivity.java
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.example.android.musicplayer;
+
+import android.app.Activity;
+import android.app.AlertDialog;
+import android.content.DialogInterface;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.view.View;
+import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
+import android.widget.Button;
+import android.widget.EditText;
+
+/**
+ * Main activity: shows media player buttons. This activity shows the media player buttons and
+ * lets the user click them. No media handling is done here -- everything is done by passing
+ * Intents to our {@link MusicService}.
+ * */
+public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
+ /**
+ * The URL we suggest as default when adding by URL. This is just so that the user doesn't
+ * have to find an URL to test this sample.
+ */
+ final String SUGGESTED_URL = "http://www.vorbis.com/music/Epoq-Lepidoptera.ogg";
+
+ Button mPlayButton;
+ Button mPauseButton;
+ Button mSkipButton;
+ Button mRewindButton;
+ Button mStopButton;
+ Button mEjectButton;
+
+ /**
+ * Called when the activity is first created. Here, we simply set the event listeners and
+ * start the background service ({@link MusicService}) that will handle the actual media
+ * playback.
+ */
+ @Override
+ public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+ setContentView(R.layout.main);
+
+ mPlayButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.playbutton);
+ mPauseButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pausebutton);
+ mSkipButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.skipbutton);
+ mRewindButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.rewindbutton);
+ mStopButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stopbutton);
+ mEjectButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.ejectbutton);
+
+ mPlayButton.setOnClickListener(this);
+ mPauseButton.setOnClickListener(this);
+ mSkipButton.setOnClickListener(this);
+ mRewindButton.setOnClickListener(this);
+ mStopButton.setOnClickListener(this);
+ mEjectButton.setOnClickListener(this);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void onClick(View target) {
+ // Send the correct intent to the MusicService, according to the button that was clicked
+ if (target == mPlayButton)
+ startService(new Intent(MusicService.ACTION_PLAY));
+ else if (target == mPauseButton)
+ startService(new Intent(MusicService.ACTION_PAUSE));
+ else if (target == mSkipButton)
+ startService(new Intent(MusicService.ACTION_SKIP));
+ else if (target == mRewindButton)
+ startService(new Intent(MusicService.ACTION_REWIND));
+ else if (target == mStopButton)
+ startService(new Intent(MusicService.ACTION_STOP));
+ else if (target == mEjectButton) {
+ showUrlDialog();
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Shows an alert dialog where the user can input a URL. After showing the dialog, if the user
+ * confirms, sends the appropriate intent to the {@link MusicService} to cause that URL to be
+ * played.
+ */
+ void showUrlDialog() {
+ AlertDialog.Builder alertBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
+ alertBuilder.setTitle("Manual Input");
+ alertBuilder.setMessage("Enter a URL (must be http://)");
+ final EditText input = new EditText(this);
+ alertBuilder.setView(input);
+
+ input.setText(SUGGESTED_URL);
+
+ alertBuilder.setPositiveButton("Play!", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
+ public void onClick(DialogInterface dlg, int whichButton) {
+ // Send an intent with the URL of the song to play. This is expected by
+ // MusicService.
+ Intent i = new Intent(MusicService.ACTION_URL);
+ Uri uri = Uri.parse(input.getText().toString());
+ i.setData(uri);
+ startService(i);
+ }
+ });
+ alertBuilder.setNegativeButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
+ public void onClick(DialogInterface dlg, int whichButton) {}
+ });
+
+ alertBuilder.show();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicFocusable.java b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicFocusable.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aea8b4919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicFocusable.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.example.android.musicplayer;
+
+/**
+ * Represents something that can react to audio focus events. We implement this instead of just
+ * using AudioManager.OnAudioFocusChangeListener because that interface is only available in SDK
+ * level 8 and above, and we want our application to work on previous SDKs.
+ */
+public interface MusicFocusable {
+ /** Signals that audio focus was gained. */
+ public void onGainedAudioFocus();
+
+ /**
+ * Signals that audio focus was lost.
+ *
+ * @param canDuck If true, audio can continue in "ducked" mode (low volume). Otherwise, all
+ * audio must stop.
+ */
+ public void onLostAudioFocus(boolean canDuck);
+}
diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicIntentReceiver.java b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicIntentReceiver.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc03d5e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicIntentReceiver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.example.android.musicplayer;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.widget.Toast;
+
+/**
+ * Receives broadcasted intents. In particular, we are interested in the
+ * android.media.AUDIO_BECOMING_NOISY intent, which is broadcast, for example, when the user
+ * disconnects the headphones. This class works because we are declaring it in a <receiver>
+ * tag in AndroidManifest.xml.
+ */
+public class MusicIntentReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+ @Override
+ public void onReceive(Context ctx, Intent intent) {
+ if (intent.getAction().equals(android.media.AudioManager.ACTION_AUDIO_BECOMING_NOISY)) {
+ Toast.makeText(ctx, "Headphones disconnected.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+
+ // send an intent to our MusicService to telling it to pause the audio
+ ctx.startService(new Intent(MusicService.ACTION_PAUSE));
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicRetriever.java b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicRetriever.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44d644756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicRetriever.java
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.example.android.musicplayer;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.ContentUris;
+import android.database.Cursor;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves and organizes media to play. Before being used, you must call {@link #prepare()},
+ * which will retrieve all of the music on the user's device (by performing a query on a content
+ * resolver). After that, it's ready to retrieve a random song, with its title and URI, upon
+ * request.
+ */
+public class MusicRetriever {
+ final String TAG = "MusicRetriever";
+
+ ContentResolver mContentResolver;
+
+ // the items (songs) we have queried
+ List mItems = new ArrayList();
+
+ Random mRandom = new Random();
+
+ public MusicRetriever(ContentResolver cr) {
+ mContentResolver = cr;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Loads music data. This method may take long, so be sure to call it asynchronously without
+ * blocking the main thread.
+ */
+ public void prepare() {
+ Uri uri = android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
+ Log.i(TAG, "Querying media...");
+ Log.i(TAG, "URI: " + uri.toString());
+
+ // Perform a query on the content resolver. The URI we're passing specifies that we
+ // want to query for all audio media on external storage (e.g. SD card)
+ Cursor cur = mContentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
+ Log.i(TAG, "Query finished. " + (cur == null ? "Returned NULL." : "Returned a cursor."));
+
+ if (cur == null) {
+ // Query failed...
+ Log.e(TAG, "Failed to retrieve music: cursor is null :-(");
+ return;
+ }
+ if (!cur.moveToFirst()) {
+ // Nothing to query. There is no music on the device. How boring.
+ Log.e(TAG, "Failed to move cursor to first row (no query results).");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ Log.i(TAG, "Listing...");
+
+ // retrieve the indices of the columns where the ID and title of the song are
+ int titleColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE);
+ int idColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID);
+
+ Log.i(TAG, "Title column index: " + String.valueOf(titleColumn));
+ Log.i(TAG, "ID column index: " + String.valueOf(titleColumn));
+
+ // add each song to mItems
+ do {
+ Log.i(TAG, "ID: " + cur.getString(idColumn) + " Title: " + cur.getString(titleColumn));
+ mItems.add(new Item(cur.getLong(idColumn), cur.getString(titleColumn)));
+ } while (cur.moveToNext());
+
+ Log.i(TAG, "Done querying media. MusicRetriever is ready.");
+ }
+
+ public ContentResolver getContentResolver() {
+ return mContentResolver;
+ }
+
+ /** Returns a random Item. If there are no items available, returns null. */
+ public Item getRandomItem() {
+ if (mItems.size() <= 0) return null;
+ return mItems.get(mRandom.nextInt(mItems.size()));
+ }
+
+ public class Item {
+ long id;
+ String title;
+
+ public Item(long id, String title) {
+ this.id = id;
+ this.title = title;
+ }
+
+ public long getId() { return id; }
+ public String getTitle() { return title; }
+ public Uri getURI() {
+ return ContentUris.withAppendedId(
+ android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, id);
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicService.java b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicService.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bd12512b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/MusicService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.example.android.musicplayer;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import android.app.Notification;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.Service;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.media.AudioManager;
+import android.media.MediaPlayer;
+import android.media.MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener;
+import android.media.MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener;
+import android.media.MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.WifiLock;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.PowerManager;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.widget.Toast;
+
+/**
+ * Service that handles media playback. This is the Service through which we perform all the media
+ * handling in our application. Upon initialization, it starts a {@link MediaRetriever} to scan
+ * the user's media. Then, it waits for Intents (which come from our main activity,
+ * {@link MainActivity}, which signal the service to perform specific operations: Play, Pause,
+ * Rewind, Skip, etc.
+ */
+public class MusicService extends Service implements OnCompletionListener, OnPreparedListener,
+ OnErrorListener, MusicFocusable,
+ PrepareMusicRetrieverTask.MusicRetrieverPreparedListener {
+
+ NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
+
+ // our media player
+ MediaPlayer mPlayer = null;
+
+ // our AudioFocusHelper object, if it's available (it's available on SDK level >= 8)
+ // If not available, this will be null. Always check for null before using!
+ AudioFocusHelper mAudioFocusHelper = null;
+
+ // indicates the state our service:
+ enum State {
+ Retrieving, // the MediaRetriever is retrieving music
+ Stopped, // media player is stopped and not prepared to play
+ Preparing, // media player is preparing...
+ Playing, // playback active (media player ready!). (but the media player may actually be
+ // paused in this state if we don't have audio focus. But we stay in this state
+ // so that we know we have to resume playback once we get focus back)
+ Paused // playback paused (media player ready!)
+ };
+
+ State mState = State.Retrieving;
+
+ // if in Retrieving mode, this flag indicates whether we should start playing immediately
+ // when we are ready or not.
+ boolean mStartPlayingAfterRetrieve = false;
+
+ // if mStartPlayingAfterRetrieve is true, this variable indicates the URL that we should
+ // start playing when we are ready. If null, we should play a random song from the device
+ Uri mWhatToPlayAfterRetrieve = null;
+
+ enum PauseReason {
+ UserRequest, // paused by user request
+ FocusLoss, // paused because of audio focus loss
+ };
+
+ // why did we pause? (only relevant if mState == State.Paused)
+ PauseReason mPauseReason = PauseReason.UserRequest;
+
+ // do we have audio focus?
+ enum AudioFocus {
+ NoFocusNoDuck, // we don't have audio focus, and can't duck
+ NoFocusCanDuck, // we don't have focus, but can play at a low volume ("ducking")
+ Focused // we have full audio focus
+ }
+ AudioFocus mAudioFocus = AudioFocus.NoFocusNoDuck;
+
+ // title of the song we are currently playing
+ String mSongTitle = "";
+
+ // whether the song we are playing is streaming from the network
+ boolean mIsStreaming = false;
+
+ // Wifi lock that we hold when streaming files from the internet, in order to prevent the
+ // device from shutting off the Wifi radio
+ WifiLock mWifiLock;
+
+ // The tag we put on debug messages
+ final static String TAG = "RandomMusicPlayer";
+
+ // These are the Intent actions that we are prepared to handle. Notice that the fact these
+ // constants exist in our class is a mere convenience: what really defines the actions our
+ // service can handle are the tags in the tag for our service in
+ // AndroidManifest.xml.
+ public static final String ACTION_PLAY = "com.example.android.musicplayer.action.PLAY";
+ public static final String ACTION_PAUSE = "com.example.android.musicplayer.action.PAUSE";
+ public static final String ACTION_STOP = "com.example.android.musicplayer.action.STOP";
+ public static final String ACTION_SKIP = "com.example.android.musicplayer.action.SKIP";
+ public static final String ACTION_REWIND = "com.example.android.musicplayer.action.REWIND";
+ public static final String ACTION_URL = "com.example.android.musicplayer.action.URL";
+
+ // The volume we set the media player to when we lose audio focus, but are allowed to reduce
+ // the volume instead of stopping playback.
+ public final float DUCK_VOLUME = 0.1f;
+
+ // The ID we use for the notification (the onscreen alert that appears at the notification
+ // area at the top of the screen as an icon -- and as text as well if the user expands the
+ // notification area).
+ final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 1;
+
+ // Our instance of our MusicRetriever, which handles scanning for media and
+ // providing titles and URIs as we need.
+ MusicRetriever mRetriever;
+
+ Notification mNotification = null;
+
+ /**
+ * Makes sure the media player exists and has been reset. This will create the media player
+ * if needed, or reset the existing media player if one already exists.
+ */
+ void createMediaPlayerIfNeeded() {
+ if (mPlayer == null) {
+ mPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
+
+ // Make sure the media player will acquire a wake-lock while playing. If we don't do
+ // that, the CPU might go to sleep while the song is playing, causing playback to stop.
+ //
+ // Remember that to use this, we have to declare the android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
+ // permission in AndroidManifest.xml.
+ mPlayer.setWakeMode(getApplicationContext(), PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK);
+
+ // we want the media player to notify us when it's ready preparing, and when it's done
+ // playing:
+ mPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(this);
+ mPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(this);
+ mPlayer.setOnErrorListener(this);
+ }
+ else
+ mPlayer.reset();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void onCreate() {
+ Log.i(TAG, "debug: Creating service");
+
+ // Create the Wifi lock (this does not acquire the lock, this just creates it)
+ mWifiLock = ((WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE))
+ .createWifiLock(WifiManager.WIFI_MODE_FULL, "mylock");
+
+ mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
+
+ // Create the retriever and start an asynchronous task that will prepare it.
+ mRetriever = new MusicRetriever(getContentResolver());
+ (new PrepareMusicRetrieverTask(mRetriever,this)).execute();
+
+ // create the Audio Focus Helper, if the Audio Focus feature is available (SDK 8 or above)
+ if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 8)
+ mAudioFocusHelper = new AudioFocusHelper(getApplicationContext(), this);
+ else
+ mAudioFocus = AudioFocus.Focused; // no focus feature, so we always "have" audio focus
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Called when we receive an Intent. When we receive an intent sent to us via startService(),
+ * this is the method that gets called. So here we react appropriately depending on the
+ * Intent's action, which specifies what is being requested of us.
+ */
+ @Override
+ public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
+ String action = intent.getAction();
+ if (action.equals(ACTION_PLAY)) processPlayRequest();
+ else if (action.equals(ACTION_PAUSE)) processPauseRequest();
+ else if (action.equals(ACTION_SKIP)) processSkipRequest();
+ else if (action.equals(ACTION_STOP)) processStopRequest();
+ else if (action.equals(ACTION_REWIND)) processRewindRequest();
+ else if (action.equals(ACTION_URL)) processAddRequest(intent);
+
+ return START_NOT_STICKY; // Means we started the service, but don't want it to
+ // restart in case it's killed.
+ }
+
+ void processPlayRequest() {
+ if (mState == State.Retrieving) {
+ // If we are still retrieving media, just set the flag to start playing when we're
+ // ready
+ mWhatToPlayAfterRetrieve = null; // play a random song
+ mStartPlayingAfterRetrieve = true;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ tryToGetAudioFocus();
+
+ if (mState == State.Stopped) {
+ // If we're stopped, just go ahead to the next song and start playing
+ playNextSong(null);
+ }
+ else if (mState == State.Paused) {
+ // If we're paused, just continue playback and restore the 'foreground service' state.
+ mState = State.Playing;
+ setUpAsForeground(mSongTitle + " (playing)");
+ configAndStartMediaPlayer();
+ }
+ }
+
+ void processPauseRequest() {
+ if (mState == State.Retrieving) {
+ // If we are still retrieving media, clear the flag that indicates we should start
+ // playing when we're ready
+ mStartPlayingAfterRetrieve = false;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (mState == State.Playing) {
+ // Pause media player and cancel the 'foreground service' state.
+ mState = State.Paused;
+ mPlayer.pause();
+ relaxResources(false); // while paused, we always retain the MediaPlayer
+ giveUpAudioFocus();
+ }
+ }
+
+ void processRewindRequest() {
+ if (mState == State.Playing || mState == State.Paused)
+ mPlayer.seekTo(0);
+ }
+
+ void processSkipRequest() {
+ if (mState == State.Playing || mState == State.Paused) {
+ tryToGetAudioFocus();
+ playNextSong(null);
+ }
+ }
+
+ void processStopRequest() {
+ if (mState == State.Playing || mState == State.Paused) {
+ mState = State.Stopped;
+
+ // let go of all resources...
+ relaxResources(true);
+ giveUpAudioFocus();
+
+ // service is no longer necessary. Will be started again if needed.
+ stopSelf();
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Releases resources used by the service for playback. This includes the "foreground service"
+ * status and notification, the wake locks and possibly the MediaPlayer.
+ *
+ * @param releaseMediaPlayer Indicates whether the Media Player should also be released or not
+ */
+ void relaxResources(boolean releaseMediaPlayer) {
+ // stop being a foreground service
+ stopForeground(true);
+
+ // stop and release the Media Player, if it's available
+ if (releaseMediaPlayer && mPlayer != null) {
+ mPlayer.reset();
+ mPlayer.release();
+ mPlayer = null;
+ }
+
+ // we can also release the Wifi lock, if we're holding it
+ if (mWifiLock.isHeld()) mWifiLock.release();
+ }
+
+ void giveUpAudioFocus() {
+ if (mAudioFocus == AudioFocus.Focused && mAudioFocusHelper != null
+ && mAudioFocusHelper.abandonFocus())
+ mAudioFocus = AudioFocus.NoFocusNoDuck;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Reconfigures MediaPlayer according to audio focus settings and starts/restarts it. This
+ * method starts/restarts the MediaPlayer respecting the current audio focus state. So if
+ * we have focus, it will play normally; if we don't have focus, it will either leave the
+ * MediaPlayer paused or set it to a low volume, depending on what is allowed by the
+ * current focus settings. This method assumes mPlayer != null, so if you are calling it,
+ * you have to do so from a context where you are sure this is the case.
+ */
+ void configAndStartMediaPlayer() {
+ if (mAudioFocus == AudioFocus.NoFocusNoDuck) {
+ // If we don't have audio focus and can't duck, we have to pause, even if mState
+ // is State.Playing. But we stay in the Playing state so that we know we have to resume
+ // playback once we get the focus back.
+ if (mPlayer.isPlaying()) mPlayer.pause();
+ return;
+ }
+ else if (mAudioFocus == AudioFocus.NoFocusCanDuck)
+ mPlayer.setVolume(DUCK_VOLUME, DUCK_VOLUME); // we'll be relatively quiet
+ else
+ mPlayer.setVolume(1.0f, 1.0f); // we can be loud
+
+ if (!mPlayer.isPlaying()) mPlayer.start();
+ }
+
+ void processAddRequest(Intent intent) {
+ // user wants to play a song directly by URL or path. The URL or path comes in the "data"
+ // part of the Intent. This Intent is sent by {@link MainActivity} after the user
+ // specifies the URL/path via an alert box.
+ if (mState == State.Retrieving) {
+ // we'll play the requested URL right after we finish retrieving
+ mWhatToPlayAfterRetrieve = intent.getData();
+ mStartPlayingAfterRetrieve = true;
+ }
+ else if (mState == State.Playing || mState == State.Paused || mState == State.Stopped) {
+ Log.i(TAG, "Playing from URL/path: " + intent.getData().toString());
+ tryToGetAudioFocus();
+ playNextSong(intent.getData().toString());
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Shortcut to making and displaying a toast. Seemed cleaner than repeating
+ * this code everywhere, at least for this sample.
+ */
+ void say(String message) {
+ Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+ }
+
+ void tryToGetAudioFocus() {
+ if (mAudioFocus != AudioFocus.Focused && mAudioFocusHelper != null
+ && mAudioFocusHelper.requestFocus())
+ mAudioFocus = AudioFocus.Focused;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Starts playing the next song. If manualUrl is null, the next song will be randomly selected
+ * from our Media Retriever (that is, it will be a random song in the user's device). If
+ * manualUrl is non-null, then it specifies the URL or path to the song that will be played
+ * next.
+ */
+ void playNextSong(String manualUrl) {
+ mState = State.Stopped;
+ relaxResources(false); // release everything except MediaPlayer
+
+ try {
+ if (manualUrl != null) {
+ // set the source of the media player to a manual URL or path
+ createMediaPlayerIfNeeded();
+ mPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
+ mPlayer.setDataSource(manualUrl);
+ mSongTitle = manualUrl;
+ mIsStreaming = manualUrl.startsWith("http:") || manualUrl.startsWith("https:");
+ }
+ else {
+ mIsStreaming = false; // playing a locally available song
+
+ MusicRetriever.Item item = mRetriever.getRandomItem();
+ if (item == null) {
+ say("No song to play :-(");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ // set the source of the media player a a content URI
+ createMediaPlayerIfNeeded();
+ mPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
+ mPlayer.setDataSource(getApplicationContext(), item.getURI());
+ mSongTitle = item.getTitle();
+ }
+
+
+ mState = State.Preparing;
+ setUpAsForeground(mSongTitle + " (loading)");
+
+ // starts preparing the media player in the background. When it's done, it will call
+ // our OnPreparedListener (that is, the onPrepared() method on this class, since we set
+ // the listener to 'this').
+ //
+ // Until the media player is prepared, we *cannot* call start() on it!
+ mPlayer.prepareAsync();
+
+ // If we are streaming from the internet, we want to hold a Wifi lock, which prevents
+ // the Wifi radio from going to sleep while the song is playing. If, on the other hand,
+ // we are *not* streaming, we want to release the lock if we were holding it before.
+ if (mIsStreaming) mWifiLock.acquire();
+ else if (mWifiLock.isHeld()) mWifiLock.release();
+ }
+ catch (IOException ex) {
+ Log.e("MusicService", "IOException playing next song: " + ex.getMessage());
+ ex.printStackTrace();
+ }
+ }
+
+ /** Called when media player is done playing current song. */
+ @Override
+ public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer player) {
+ // The media player finished playing the current song, so we go ahead and start the next.
+ playNextSong(null);
+ }
+
+ /** Called when media player is done preparing. */
+ @Override
+ public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer player) {
+ // The media player is done preparing. That means we can start playing!
+ mState = State.Playing;
+ updateNotification(mSongTitle + " (playing)");
+ configAndStartMediaPlayer();
+ }
+
+ /** Updates the notification. */
+ void updateNotification(String text) {
+ PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(), 0,
+ new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.class),
+ PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
+ mNotification.setLatestEventInfo(getApplicationContext(), "RandomMusicPlayer", text, pi);
+ mNotificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, mNotification);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Configures service as a foreground service. A foreground service is a service that's doing
+ * something the user is actively aware of (such as playing music), and must appear to the
+ * user as a notification. That's why we create the notification here.
+ */
+ void setUpAsForeground(String text) {
+ PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(), 0,
+ new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.class),
+ PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
+ mNotification = new Notification();
+ mNotification.tickerText = text;
+ mNotification.icon = R.drawable.ic_stat_playing;
+ mNotification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT;
+ mNotification.setLatestEventInfo(getApplicationContext(), "RandomMusicPlayer",
+ text, pi);
+ startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID, mNotification);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Called when there's an error playing media. When this happens, the media player goes to
+ * the Error state. We warn the user about the error and reset the media player.
+ */
+ @Override
+ public boolean onError(MediaPlayer mp, int what, int extra) {
+ Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Media player error! Resetting.",
+ Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+ Log.e(TAG, "Error: what=" + String.valueOf(what) + ", extra=" + String.valueOf(extra));
+
+ mState = State.Stopped;
+ relaxResources(true);
+ giveUpAudioFocus();
+ return true; // true indicates we handled the error
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void onGainedAudioFocus() {
+ Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "gained audio focus.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+ mAudioFocus = AudioFocus.Focused;
+
+ // restart media player with new focus settings
+ if (mState == State.Playing)
+ configAndStartMediaPlayer();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void onLostAudioFocus(boolean canDuck) {
+ Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "lost audio focus." + (canDuck ? "can duck" :
+ "no duck"), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+ mAudioFocus = canDuck ? AudioFocus.NoFocusCanDuck : AudioFocus.NoFocusNoDuck;
+
+ // start/restart/pause media player with new focus settings
+ if (mPlayer != null && mPlayer.isPlaying())
+ configAndStartMediaPlayer();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void onMusicRetrieverPrepared() {
+ // Done retrieving!
+ mState = State.Stopped;
+
+ // If the flag indicates we should start playing after retrieving, let's do that now.
+ if (mStartPlayingAfterRetrieve) {
+ tryToGetAudioFocus();
+ playNextSong(mWhatToPlayAfterRetrieve == null ?
+ null : mWhatToPlayAfterRetrieve.toString());
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ @Override
+ public void onDestroy() {
+ // Service is being killed, so make sure we release our resources
+ mState = State.Stopped;
+ relaxResources(true);
+ giveUpAudioFocus();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
+ return null;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/PrepareMusicRetrieverTask.java b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/PrepareMusicRetrieverTask.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd114c8f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/RandomMusicPlayer/src/com/example/android/musicplayer/PrepareMusicRetrieverTask.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.example.android.musicplayer;
+
+import android.os.AsyncTask;
+
+/**
+ * Asynchronous task that prepares a MusicRetriever. This asynchronous task essentially calls
+ * {@link MusicRetriever#prepare()} on a {@link MusicRetriever}, which may take some time to
+ * run. Upon finishing, it notifies the indicated {@MusicRetrieverPreparedListener}.
+ */
+public class PrepareMusicRetrieverTask extends AsyncTask {
+ MusicRetriever mRetriever;
+ MusicRetrieverPreparedListener mListener;
+
+ public PrepareMusicRetrieverTask(MusicRetriever retriever,
+ MusicRetrieverPreparedListener listener) {
+ mRetriever = retriever;
+ mListener = listener;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ protected Void doInBackground(Void... arg0) {
+ mRetriever.prepare();
+ return null;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
+ mListener.onMusicRetrieverPrepared();
+ }
+
+ public interface MusicRetrieverPreparedListener {
+ public void onMusicRetrieverPrepared();
+ }
+}