[libc++] Add deprecated attributes to many deprecated components

Summary:
These deprecation warnings are opt-in: they are only enabled when the
_LIBCXX_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS macro is defined, which is not the case
by default. Note that this is a first step in the right direction, but
I wasn't able to get an exhaustive list of all deprecated components
per standard, so there's certainly stuff that's missing. The list of
components this commit marks as deprecated is:

in C++11:
- auto_ptr, auto_ptr_ref
- binder1st, binder2nd, bind1st(), bind2nd()
- pointer_to_unary_function, pointer_to_binary_function, ptr_fun()
- mem_fun_t, mem_fun1_t, const_mem_fun_t, const_mem_fun1_t, mem_fun()
- mem_fun_ref_t, mem_fun1_ref_t, const_mem_fun_ref_t, const_mem_fun1_ref_t, mem_fun_ref()

in C++14:
- random_shuffle()

in C++17:
- unary_negate, binary_negate, not1(), not2()

<rdar://problem/18168350>

Reviewers: mclow.lists, EricWF

Subscribers: christof, dexonsmith, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D48912

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@342843 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8

include/algorithm

@@ -2952,7 +2952,7 @@ public:
 _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS __rs_default __rs_get();
 
 template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
-void
+_LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX14 void
 random_shuffle(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
 {
     typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
@@ -2973,7 +2973,7 @@ random_shuffle(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
 }
 
 template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _RandomNumberGenerator>
-void
+_LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX14 void
 random_shuffle(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last,
 #ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
                _RandomNumberGenerator&& __rand)