[libc++] Remove race condition in std::async

Summary:
The state associated to the future was set in one thread (with synchronization)
but read in another thread without synchronization, which led to a data race.

https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=38181
rdar://problem/42548261

Reviewers: mclow.lists, EricWF

Subscribers: christof, dexonsmith, cfe-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D51170

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@340608 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8

test/std/thread/futures/futures.async/async_race.38682.pass.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// UNSUPPORTED: libcpp-has-no-threads
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03
+
+// This test is designed to cause and allow TSAN to detect a race condition
+// in std::async, as reported in https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=38682.
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <functional>
+#include <future>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+static int worker(std::vector<int> const& data) {
+  return std::accumulate(data.begin(), data.end(), 0);
+}
+
+static int& worker_ref(int& i) { return i; }
+
+static void worker_void() { }
+
+int main() {
+  // future<T>
+  {
+    std::vector<int> const v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
+    for (int i = 0; i != 20; ++i) {
+      std::future<int> fut = std::async(std::launch::async, worker, v);
+      int answer = fut.get();
+      assert(answer == 55);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // future<T&>
+  {
+    for (int i = 0; i != 20; ++i) {
+      std::future<int&> fut = std::async(std::launch::async, worker_ref, std::ref(i));
+      int& answer = fut.get();
+      assert(answer == i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // future<void>
+  {
+    for (int i = 0; i != 20; ++i) {
+      std::future<void> fut = std::async(std::launch::async, worker_void);
+      fut.get();
+    }
+  }
+}